TymeBank is a rising star in Africa as well a key player in the Philippines’ fintech sector. It is one of the few online banks of note to emerge from Africa thus far. TymeBank claims to be one of South Africa’s fastest growing banks and recently reported reaching 10 million customers. While many digital banks highlight rapid customer acquisition, TymeBank appears to be an outlier with its presence in several emerging markets and a strong balance sheet.
Taiwan is among the Asian countries most exposed to financial fraud, a new report that surveyed 25,000 people across the region has found. Conducted jointly by the Global Anti-Scam Alliance, Gogolook and ScamAdviser, a Web site legitimacy checker, the report found that Taiwanese may have lost up to US$7.5 billion over the past 12 months. On average, Taiwanese each lost US$1,940 to scammers, equivalent to 1% of GDP in 2023.
Japan has an ambitious plan to reach net zero by 2050, which includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 46% compared to 2013 levels by 2030. In support of that goal, the Japanese government has rolled out a Green Growth Strategy and created a US$15 billion Green Innovation Fund. An additional important part of Japan’s path to net zero are the world’s first sovereign transition bonds.
South Korean online lender K Bank is preparing for what could be the country’s largest market debut since 2022. After several false starts due to suboptimal market conditions, K Bank this time is committing to go forward with its long-awaited IPO. The listing should happen in late October.
The Hong Kong IPO market, which has been a laggard in recent years, is showing signs of life. Data compiled by the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) show a total of 42 companies raised US$7.14 billion via IPOs on the main board of the Hong Kong stock exchange from January to September, up 100% year-on-year and surpassing the total of US$5.9 billion raised in 2023.
India’s United Payments Interface (UPI) has become the country’s premier digital payments rail and is continuing to build ever greater scale. According to PwC, total UPI transaction volume is expected to grow from 131 billion in the 2023-24 fiscal year to 439 billion by 2028–29. UPI now accounts for over 80% of India’s overall retail digital payments and is expected to surpass 90% by 2028-29. Given UPI's success, India has sought to expand its footprint internationally.
Walmart-backed PhonePe is one of India’s most successful fintech startups, yet nearly a decade on from its founding, the company still has no clear plans for an initial public offering (IPO). One reason for the delay may be that a giant multinational retail chain owns most of the company (85%), and is not as eager for an exit as the venture capitalists who typically back Indian startups. In June, Walmart’s executive vice president for corporate affairs, Dan Bartlett, said at the company’s annual shareholder meeting that a PhonePe IPO “is something we're looking at over the next couple of years."
Taiwan has long been one of the most overbanked markets in Asia. Strolling the streets of Taipei, one sees a plethora of physical bank branches. Overall, Taiwan has 37 banks, 21 life insurers and 50 securities brokers for a market of just 23 million people. Despite regulatory pressure for consolidation, there have been very few bank mergers in Taiwan over the past two decades.
Of the major economies in East Asia, Thailand has been among the slowest to introduce digital banks. The Bank of Thailand (BoT) has never said much about its decision-making rationale in public, but we reckon the Kingdom’s relatively high banked rate (more than 80%) has something to do with it. The wait is finally over, however. The deadline for submitting an application for a digital bank was September 19, and there only be three licenses awarded.
Brazil’s Nubank is unique among digital banks globally because it is both unusually large in terms of customers and profitable. Other profitable online lenders, such as Korea’s Kakao Bank – which has about 22 million customers – much smaller. Even Revolut is less than half as large as Nubank. However, there is some concern that Nubank’s lending practices are problematic given its rising non-performing loan (NPL) ratio.
Revolut has long had its eye on the India market, where it has sought to carve out a niche in payments before moving into trading, investment and credit. More than three years into the foray, Revolut does not have a lot to show for it, though in April, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted the UK fintech in-principle authorization to issue pre-paid instruments (PPI), including prepaid cards and wallets. We understand it took so long in part because of data localization requirements.
In the alternate reality inhabited by crypto bros, most jurisdictions are always on the cusp of a full-throated embrace of digital assets. Case in point: in late August, Tron founder Justin Sun wrote on X, “China unbans crypto. What’s the best meme for this?” Regardless of Sun’s true intentions in this post, Beijing is not only “unbanning” crypto, it is tightening oversight of the industry.
Singapore is continuing to take a measured approach to digital assets as seen by the growing prevalence of stablecoin payments in the city-state. In the second quarter, stablecoin payments reached a new high of US$1 billion in Singapore, according to data from blockchain research firm Chainalysis. With the announcement of stablecoin regulations in August 2023, Singapore bet that these “safer” cryptocurrencies have staying power and will play an increasingly important role in the future of financial services.
In 2021, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) imposed a three-year moratorium on applications for digital banking licenses so that it would have enough time to monitor the performance of the new online lenders and their impact on the financial system. It will take time for Philippine online banks to get out of the red, and in March, the BSP said that just two of the official digital lenders – which it did not identify – are profitable. It may take five to seven years before the others reach that milestone. Nevertheless, the Philippine central bank is pressing ahead with its plan to allow for more digital banks. From January 1, 2025, four more licensed online lenders will be permitted.
UK fintech unicorn Revolut thinks big. Despite not holding a banking license in its home market until very recently, it has sought to depict itself as a global disruptor of the financial services sector. Long before it turned a profit, Revolut had set up offices across the world. Nothing has been able to slow Revolut down significantly, but the speed at which the company moves also has drawbacks. Its compliance regime has been lacking in the past, and it is now facing a growing problem with scams.
It was inevitable that Hong Kong’s much-hyped cryptocurrency initiative would run into some serious challenges. We are not surprised to learn that the city’s regulators are not satisfied with the compliance level at some “deemed to be licensed” exchanges operating in the city. While demand for digital assets remains strong in many markets, and Hong Kong has a strong foundation as a financial services hub on which it can build, the crypto sector itself remains immature and prone to malfeasance while there is no global consensus on how to manage digital asset flows.
2024 might be remembered as a turning point for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) – the year when interest in them began to significantly wane. In the case of India, while the government seems determined to push forward with the digital rupee, retail users are more circumspect. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) highlights its estimation of 5 million digital rupee users. If we stop to consider that India has more than 1.4 billion people, then less than ½ of 1% of the population is not a particularly strong adoption rate – especially for something that has such strong government backing.
How is it that a digital bank startup expects to become the No. 4 retail lender in Singapore before long? After all, digital banks are, with the occasional exception, better known for losing money than making a profit. Of the four online lenders who received licenses in December 2020, not one is currently profitable. However, Trust Bank, which launched in September 2022, is a different story. Trust Bank is not a traditional digital banking venture but rather an entity created by large incumbent lender Standard Chartered and supermarket chain Fair Price Group.
India’s United Payments Interface (UPI) payments rail has achieved massive success in its domestic market that will be difficult for any future competitor to surpass. According to a new report by PwC, total UPI transaction volume is expected to grow form 131 billion in the 2023-24 fiscal year to 439 billion by 2028–29. UPI now accounts for over 80% of India’s overall retail digital payments in India and is expected to surpass 90% by 2028-29. Given UPI's success, India has sought to expand its footprint internationally and in the past few years it has become available in a number of countries from the United Arab Emirates and Bhutan to the UK and France. Yet questions remain about whether UPI can serve as a foundational platform for digital payments outside of India.
Cryptocurrency crime committed by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has become so pervasive that it requires a stronger international effort to bring under control. With that in mind, the U.S. Department of State and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea (ROK) co-hosted an event about the issue in New York City on August 27.
South Korea’s No. 2 digital bank K Bank had been planning to go public on the Korea Exchange (KRX) at the end of this year, but has been hesitant to make that commitment given uncertain market conditions. However, K Bank posted such a strong performance in the first half of the year that it may decide the time is right to go public irrespective of market fluctuations. South Korea’s first online lender posted a net profit of 85.4 billion won (US$64 million) in the first half of this year, the highest since its establishment and more than thrice as much as during the same period a year ago.
It was not so long agao that Indonesia’s troubled peer-to-peer (P2P) lending company Investree was riding high. In October 2023, the company announced it had raised US$231 million in a Series D funding round led by Qatar’s JTA International Holding which also included participation from Japan’s SBI Holdings. The Series D round suggested high investor confidence in Investree, which had previously raised $23.5 million in a March 2020 Series C round led by MUFG Innovation Partners and Bank Rakyat Indonesia Ventures. Yet the company has since been flummoxed by problems with its management, bad loans and lawsuits. In late August, Investree established a caretaker team to manage its daily operations under the guidance of Indonesia’s Financial Services Authority (OJK).
Kakao Bank has a history of proving wrong skeptics of digital banks. It has been consistently profitable since 2019 and is now set to expand in Southeast Asia. It has managed, for the most part, to stay out of regulatory crosshairs despite disrupting South Korea’s financial services sector. It seemed Kakao Bank’s long string of good fortune might finally have come to an end with the arrest of its parent company’s founder Kim Beom-su on July 23. He has been accused of manipulating stocks during Kakao’s acquisition of the K-Pop agency SM Entertainment last year. Yet thus far, the company’s stock price has been stable, increasing 2% to 21,900 won over the past month, while its second quarter earnings were solid.
China has long been working on the development of an alternative payments system that would not be dependent on the U.S. dollar. It is not a single payments rail, but more a series of initiatives that collectively aim to make Beijing a stronger player in global payments infrastructure that can operate outside of the confines of the dollar-dominated system. These include a Chinese version of the Swift messaging network, the digital renminbi (e-CNY), the respective payment networks of Alipay and Tenpay, and various bilateral deals Beijing has established with countries.
Fintech funding in Asia has been tepid due to a confluence of factors, notably high interest rates, uncertainty about the global economy – and especially that of the United States – and general investor disenchantment with growth-first business models. That said, there are signs that the drop-off in funding that began in 2022 may have finally bottomed out. A new report by DealStreetAsia suggests that a modest recovery may be underway in Southeast Asia.
With the September 19 deadline for Thailand’s digital bank license applications less than a month away, it is worth taking a closer look at the prospective applicants. As expected, startups are absent. Instead, the likely applicants – and winners – are a mix of Thailand’s ultra-wealthy tycoons, prominent incumbent banks and Asian tech giants. The newest would-be applicant belongs to the latter category.
Brazil’s Nubank is continuing to prove the naysayers wrong. In the second quarter, the massive digital lender nearly doubled its net income from a year earlier to US$487 million. Revenue reached a record US$2.8 billion. It now has 104.5 million customers, including about 60% of Brazil’s adult population. The bank is also Latin America’s most valuable publicly-traded financial institution with a market capitalization of nearly $66 billion.
Airwallex, a plucky Tencent-backed B2B payments company founded in Australia, said on Aug. 15 that it has surpassed US$100 billion in annual processing volume, a 73% annual increase. The company, which has moved its corporate headquarters several times since its 2015 founding and is now based in Singapore, said it has seen growing volumes across all products and an annual run rate revenue of almost $500 million. While these numbers suggest that Airwallex continues to experience robust growth amid a broader fintech slowdown, it remains unprofitable.
Ant Group and Globe-backed Mynt, which operates the e-wallet GCash, is on a roll. Long one of the most valuable startups in the Philippines, it this month saw its valuation increase to US$5 billion – more than doubling its previous valuation of US$2 billion that it reached in 2021 – following a combined US$800 million capital injection from Japan’s MUFG and the Philippine conglomerate Ayala. The new funding for Mynt comes at a time when large fintech investments are hard to come by given high interest rates and more-stringent investor expectations.
Grab lost US$53 million in the second quarter in the latest sign that its super app business model continues to face serious challenges. To be sure, Grab’s fintech business performed well, but because of the way the Singaporean firm has constructed its business, there is no separating that unit from its ride-hailing and food-delivery arms.
There is a fundamental problem with digital banks in Hong Kong. Not only are they non-essential because the city’s population is so well banked, they also are almost all the offshoots of large incumbent lenders and/or tech companies. What that means is that most of them lack a startup ethos. While a startup mentality can result in massive cash burn – as seen with Revolut in the UK or N26 in Germany – it also can lead to genuine product innovation. In the absence of such innovation, online lenders resort to gimmicks like high deposit interest rates to attract customers. It is thus no surprise that the eight licensees together owned HK$49.9 billion (US$6.4 billion) in assets last year. That is just 0.3% of the assets owned by all the city's retail banks, according to the Hong Kong Monetary Authority’s data.
Fintech funding in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region is continuing a steady deceleration. A new report by KPMG shows that fintech investment in APAC decreased 21.7% year-on-year in the first half of the year to US$3.7 billion from US$4.6 billion during the same period in 2023. While the total number of deals in APAC rose to 438 from 406, not one of the 10 largest deals globally occurred in the region.
South Korea’s No. 2 digital bank K Bank had been planning to go public on the Korea Exchange (KRX) at the end of this year, but unfavorable market conditions could force the company to delay the listing. There are three main issues that could adversely impact the IPO: the softening of the U.S. economy, the legal troubles of the founder of rival internet bank Kakao Bank and the souring of regulators’ views on digital lenders.
In its nine years of operation, UK fintech unicorn Revolut has always had outsize ambitions, depicting itself as a game-changing disruptor in the financial services sector. In some respects, the company has been successful. It is one of the most valuable startups in Europe and swung to a pre-tax profit of US$554 million in 2023. Its ability to reach profitability in less than a decade compares favorably with other prominent fintechs and platform companies leaning heavily into digital financial services. However, it is questionable whether Revolut is worth the US$45 billion valuation it is reportedly seeking.