The banking system in Singapore has been under greater scrutiny ever since a few banks operating in the city were ensnared in Malaysia’s massive 1MDB scandal. There is an inherent contradiction that all financial hubs face when they try to attract the ultra-wealthy and their assets, but also want to ensure the highest degree of compliance. Inevitably, some clients have something to hide. When there is possible unusual activity, banks have to make the call whether it is necessary to flag the transactions and report them. Thus it is not surprising that Singapore said in a new report that its banking sector poses the highest money laundering risks following a scandal involving more than S$3 billion (US$2.2 billion) in illicit assets.
Ant Group, under its Ant International arm, has been on a sustained international expansion campaign that increasingly encompasses Europe. While the company’s core cross-border payments business still targets Asia, it also sees opportunity further afield. On July 1, Ant announced that MultiSafePay, an Amsterdam-based payment service provider, had become its wholly-owned subsidiary and will integrate with the Chinese company’s Antom platform.
It is highly unusual for there to be a global drought for Chinese IPOs, with tepid market activity in mainland China, Hong Kong and further offshore. Yet that is exactly the situation today. In the first six months of 2024, just 44 Chinese firms went public in the mainland, down 75% year-on-year, raising just US$4.48 billion. The situation was no better in Hong Kong and New York.
It is hard to believe that more than five years have passed since Hong Kong first approved virtual banks. The disruption that had been forecast has not come to pass and we wonder how much longer some of the online lenders will endure. Those backed by large public companies – which have to explain to investors why they are supporting unprofitable endeavors – could be the first to throw in the towel. That said, Hong Kong-based WeLab Bank, which is backed by billionaire Li Ka-shing, has seemingly defied the odds thus far with its performance. It says it is on a clear path to profitability and is expanding strategically in Southeast Asia.
Not so long ago, when Hong Kong was struggling with the impact of civil unrest and strict Covid-19 controls, other cities in Asia sensed an opportunity to bolster their respective financial center credentials. Not Singapore, which is already an established Asian financial center – and has grown in recent years – but cities such as Tokyo and Taipei.
Chinese stocks have been struggling in recent years amid a prolonged economic slowdown, so it is no surprise to see regulators turning their attention to needed reforms in the Nasdaq-style Shanghai STAR Market. "We will go all out to promote high-quality development of China's capital market," Wu Qing, chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), said in a speech at the annual Lujiazui Forum on June 19. "We will grow 'patient capital', and attract more long-term money into the market."
Indonesia has no shortage of digital banks, but it is also a huge market with a significant population that has limited access to formal financial services. It is a key market for Southeast Asian platform companies as well. While Grab has digital banking licenses for Singapore and Malaysia, Indonesia is where it has the best opportunity to prove the skeptics wrong.
Across Asia Pacific, criminals are using cryptocurrency to fund increasingly nefarious schemes. While early crime involving digital assets tended to target crypto exchanges themselves, the most infamous being the 880,000 Bitcoin stolen from Japan’s Mt. Gox between 2011 and 2014 now worth $45 billion – today digital assets are linked to money laundering, large-scale scams and funding of illegal arms programs. Crypto proponents usually insist that proper regulation can do much to mitigate this problem. Though regulation can boost investor protection and establish rules of the road, we believe that decentralized virtual currencies’ inherent nature means that potential for abuse will remain high. Regulators in some major jurisdictions in the region have come to similar conclusions and are acting accordingly.
Singapore has become one of Asia’s most important green finance centers, which is well exemplified by its third sale of green bonds in late May. The S$6 billion order book for the city-state’s third sale of green bonds was 2.45 times the amount offered to institutional investors. In addition, the offering of S$2.5 billion in bonds reached the maximum of the S$2.1 billion to S$2.5 billion range provided by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The Singapore government has said there there is a pipeline of up to S$35 billion in sovereign and public-sector green bonds that will be issued by 2030.
How long has Revolut been saying it has big plans for Asia Pacific? At least six years, if not longer – by our calculations. It has a presence in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore and India and at one time planned to set up shop in many other Asian countries. Yet this ethos originated in a time of low interest rates and near infinite VC funding. Revolut did not have to worry too much about profitability back then, so it could devote most of its attention to growth. At the same time, the multicurrency wallet that lies at the core of Revolut’s value proposition may not be that attractive to customers in emerging markets more focused on gaining access to core retail banking services.
China’s fintech crackdown has been going on in some form or another since 2017. First, the cryptocurrency industry was hobbled. Then peer-to-peer (P2P) lending was reined in and effectively eliminated. The third act in this play has been the forced restructuring of China’s fintech giants, who have been accused of monopolistic practices – which is not untrue – but whose greater offense has been getting a little too large for their own good. Thus far, Alipay has fared much worse than Tencent’s fintech business, but one wonders if the omnipresence of the WeChat app might be a growing risk for the Shenzhen-based company. According to a recent Nikkei Asia report, it already is.
Despite the best lobbying efforts of certain industry players, Australia is moving forward with long-running plans to rein in the buy now, pay later (BNPL) segment of digital financial services. Provided that the bill introduced on June 5 becomes law, BNPL firms in the country will be required to run credit checks on borrowers and hold an Australian Credit License (ACL).
China’s cashless evolution is a remarkable story, as the country transitioned in less than two decades from a cash-first society to one with an 86% mobile payments penetration rate. The comprehensive ecosystems of Alipay and WeChat Pay have made payments in China among the most convenient and frictionless in the world with one important caveat: One must be within the domestic Chinese payments ecosystems, with a Chinese bank account that can be tied to the payment apps.
With three of Asia’s most successful digital banks, South Korea is now considering adding a fourth. Though the country was well banked before the arrival of the digital challengers, Kakao Bank, K Bank and Toss Bank have all found a way to build market share rapidly without burning an inordinate amount of cash. The former two are profitable, while the latter should reach that milestone soon. Consumer interest in digital banks in Korea is such that the market can very likely support a fourth online lender.
The Philippines is one of Asia’s most promising digital banking markets thanks to a favorable combination of underbanked consumers, island geography that limits the footprint of physical bank branches and incumbents with average digital capabilities. That said, it will take time for online banks to be profitable, and in March, the Philippine central bank (BSP) said that just two of the official digital lenders – which it did not identify – are profitable and it may take five to seven years before the others reach that milestone. Investors, however, appear to be willing to play the long game in this market segment.